【摘要】 目的 探討t(8；21)急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia，AML)的臨床特點及預后，提高對t(8；21)AML的認識。 方法 2010年5月收治1例t(8；21)AML患者，對其臨床資料并復習相關文獻進行分析。患者因乏力、皮下瘀斑入院，查體發現患者有胸骨壓痛，脾肋下3 cm觸及，血常規:白細胞80.37×109/L，異常細胞 23%，取患者骨髓液行形態學、流式細胞術檢測及染色體核型檢測。 結果 患者診斷為急性粒細胞白血病部分分化型(AML-M2b)，AML1/ETO融合基因陽性，染色體核型分析t(8；21)(q22；q22)。 結論 t(8；21)AML是一類較為特殊的急性髓系白血病，在診斷時需尋找疾病的預后因素并進行分層，實施個體化治療。【Abstract】 Objective To obsrve the clinical features and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21). Methods The clinical data of one patient with t (8; 21) AML diagnosed in May 2010 was retrospectively analyzed. The chief complaints of the patient were malaise and ecchymosis. The physical examinations revealed sternum pain and splenomegaly; blood routine examination showed that the peripheral WBC count was 80.37×109/L, and the abnormal cells were 23%. Bone marrow samples were collected to perform the morphologic test, flow cytometry analysis and chromosome analysis. Results The patient was diagnosed as AML with maturation (AML-M2) with positive AML1/ETO fusion gene and translocation (8; 21) (q22; q22). Conclusion AML with t (8; 21) is different with other types of AML; patients with AML with t (8; 21) need individualized treatment.